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| Overhead Projector (18th Century) |
Educational
Technology is defined by the Association for Educational Communications and
Technology as "the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and
improving performance by creating, using, and managing appropriate
technological processes and resources. Educational Technology has its four
important terms: 1. Instructional Technology, 2. Technology in Education, 3.
Integration of Technology and, 4. Educational Media.
Particularly in
recent years, technology has changed from being a peripheral factor to becoming
more central in all forms of teaching. Nevertheless, arguments about the
role of technology in education go back at least 2,500 years. One of the earliest means of formal teaching was
oral – though human speech – although over time, technology has been
increasingly used to facilitate or ‘back-up’ oral communication. In ancient
times, stories, folklore, histories and news were transmitted and maintained
through oral communication, making accurate memorization a critical skill, and
the oral tradition is still the case in many aboriginal cultures.
The role of text or writing in education also has a long
history. Even though Socrates is reported to have railed against the use of
writing, written forms of communication make analytic, lengthy chains of
reasoning and argument much more accessible, reproducible without distortion,
and thus more open to analysis and critique than the transient nature of
speech. The invention of the printing press in Europe in the 15th century was a
truly disruptive technology, making written knowledge much more freely
available, very much in the same way as the Internet has done today.
In essence the development of programmed learning aims to
computerize teaching, by structuring information, testing learners’ knowledge,
and providing immediate feedback to learners, without human intervention other
than in the design of the hardware and software and the selection and loading
of content and assessment questions. B.F. Skinner started experimenting with
teaching machines that made use of programmed learning in 1954, based on the
theory of behaviorism.
Important Terms:
1. Technology - the use of science in industry, engineering, etc., to invent useful things or to solve problems; a machine, piece of equipment, method, etc., that is created by technology.
2. Hieroglyphics - were a formal writing system used by the ancient Egyptians that combined logo graphic and alphabetic elements. Egyptians used cursive hieroglyphs for religious literature on papyrus and wood.
3. Instructional Materials - are the tools used in educational lessons, which includes active learning and assessment. Basically, any resource a teacher uses to help him teach his students is an instructional materials.
Reflection:
Educational technology is not about the devices, gadgets, and etc. It is a system where in every particular situation or a problem find its necessary solution. It is a satisfaction of human needs, the output of our intelligent scientists. With their inventions, we are the user of the said inventions or we are the beneficiary of their masterpiece. It also embraces curriculum design.
Reflection:
Educational technology is not about the devices, gadgets, and etc. It is a system where in every particular situation or a problem find its necessary solution. It is a satisfaction of human needs, the output of our intelligent scientists. With their inventions, we are the user of the said inventions or we are the beneficiary of their masterpiece. It also embraces curriculum design.
Graphic Organizer:
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| Four Learning Era |
